Hollow earth
On Wednesday, 23 about 15 hours in March after years of silence, echoed the Jerusalem explosion. Brit Mary Jane Gardner was killed, and thirty four people were injured as they waited for the bus at the crowded bus station. But this time there was a Palestinian suicide bombers, an explosion sparked a bomb planted in a suitcase left at the station. So far no one has yet claimed responsibility, but Israeli authorities have accused of the attack Palestinian militants. Israel's Benjamin Netanyahu survey was two days after the attack said a strong, but also a wise and responsible reaction from Israel in this event.
Photo (2daynewsupdates.blogspot.com): Hand grenade attack in Jerusalem
Holy city echoes the new explosions
In the Middle East again inflames longest conflict. After our eyes were directed toward Tunisia, Egypt, and remain focused towards Libya, more and more indications that we will soon be back and pry towards Israel and Palestine. United States of America that have subsided Israeli reaction to the revolution that shake the Middle East, especially the one in Egypt, the conflict escalated almost sent the Secretary of Defense Robert Gates to Israel and Palestine to mediate between Netanyahu and Palestinian Prime Minister Fayyad. Its mission is to restart the peace process is disturbed that may have just entered a critical phase. For Israel, a big problem but also an attempt to attack Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas to reconcile the Palestinian Authority with Hamas. Word of the Palestinian faction that does not recognize Israel's right to exist, and that Israel, the United States and European Union consider a terrorist organization.
Netanyahu On Monday, 28 March, resolutely said that the reconciliation of the Palestinian Authority with Hamas off peace with Israel, and that the Palestinian Authority should choose peace with Israel. Peace talks between Israelis and Palestinians are still stalled in September 2010. when the Israeli government abolished its own decision on the temporary cessation of construction of new settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories. With the above mentioned bombing in Jerusalem, Israel has recently experienced another shock. 11th at the settlement of Itamar in the West Bank slaughtered five members of the Israeli families Fogel, among them three children. An investigation has been shrouded in secrecy, and those responsible for the massacre have not been found. In response, Israeli authorities have approved construction of 500 new housing units in the occupied West Bank. IDF is also March 21 launched a series of powerful attacks on specific targets within the Gaza Strip in response to the reinforcement of homemade rockets attacks on Izrealska settlement.
In the Gaza Strip in separate Israeli operations of 17 March to 23 March 28 Palestinians were injured, and killed six Palestinian civilians including four children. In one attack Israeli tank shells killed four members of the same family while playing football in front of the house in which the shell hit. It is the largest escalation of violence in the area since the war in Gaza in January 2009.
Occupation
Here I want to stand with exposure to recent events and are paid to the root of the problem, and it is the occupation of Palestinian territories by Israel. In a series of articles I intend to show the everyday life of the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories, especially the development of policy and architecture of occupation after the famous Oslo I agreement in 1993. and Oslo II in 1995. I will also show the efforts of Palestinians to resist the occupation, which often includes an escalation of violence. It is important to note that the escalation of violence can be understood as a kind of permanent present symptom of systemic violence that stems from the logic of occupation, this thesis will present more in one of the subsequent articles. But back to the beginning of the occupation.
The Palestinian territories are under occupation for almost 44 years, the Six-Day War fateful 1967th year that forever changed the balance of power in the Middle East. After the victory over the Arab countries led by Egypt in June 1967th Israel is under control was three times more territory than the one which started the war. Part of that time occupied territories, 5 655 km2 of the West Bank and 365 km2 of the Gaza Strip and are now part of the occupied Palestinian territories. Occupation of the West Bank Israeli forces have cleared the Jordan valley and the Latrun enclave, and from the occupied territories to Jordan to avoid approximately 300 000 Palestinians who have returned only about 17 000.
In addition to the war on the ground practically erased green line, the boundary of the War of Independence led 1948th, Israel is the limit also deleted from the atlases and textbooks, trying to time it is deleted from the collective memory of its citizens. Later, the West Bank and occupied territories have disappeared from the document, commands and languages. The new Israeli geography of the western coast suffered their Biblical names, Judea and Samaria. But apart from a small area around Jerusalem, Israel never annexed the area and under international law their status is still the status of the occupied territories. In them, the Israeli army took over all the power, and the IDF's commanders since the beginning of the occupation of more than 2500 issued orders regulating them almost every aspect of Palestinian life.
After Oslo
The UN Security Council and in 1967. issued resolution 242 which was launched in the peace process on the principle of land for peace. Upon entry into force of the Oslo II agreement. between Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization 28.09.1995. that was supposed to be the first and visible step toward creation of a Palestinian state and the achievement of land for peace, there was a division of the West Bank into three zones. Zone A, which is supposed to do 18% of West Bank territory under full Palestinian control of national governments. Zone B, which would consist of 22% of the territory of the West Bank, where Palestinian Authority had under his civil administration and the Israelis worried about the security zone, and C made up 60% of the territory under the complete control of Israel.
The project soon came to the murder of Rabin in the Israeli survey Labour Party and the change of government in Israel, on whose forehead began (a hawk) Likud with Benjamin Netanyahu. Another attempt at division and conflict resolution occurred through President Clinton in 2000. at Camp David between Israeli survey of the then Minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian leader Arafat Yassrea, but he failed. Palestinians and Israelis have accused each other for the collapse of the negotiations, which resulted in the realization of Palestine as independent states became increasingly unreal. While high politics is still on the maps drew an imaginary future border between the two countries the situation that has developed in the occupied territories themselves was completely different.
Security fence
Israeli political theorist and architect Eyal Weizman in his book Hollow Land: Israel's architecture of occupation, shows that the boundaries of the occupied territories are not fixed but rather flexible. Israel, contrary to international law, just completed construction of the so-called. security fence, which in some sections magically transforms into the wall as high as eight feet in height, that divided the West Bank from Israel. But in spite of the fact within the area of the West Bank by Weizman find a multitude of temporary, portable, deployable and removable boundaries. They are present in the form of barriers, barricades, checkpoints, special security zones, closed military zone and zone set up by the IDF killing. But with all these terminology ambiguities one thing is clear, both in Israel and the West Bank border separating the streets and houses, and in extreme cases, even passing through the living or bedroom Palestinians.
Foto(gfx.0047.org): Eyal Weizman
The strategy of Israel after Oslo II. was to gain territory without people, and the dismemberment of Western banks and the creation of an archipelago consisting of two hundred enclave over which there is limited Palestinian autonomy of national governments. This process is further enhanced by the logic of separating where some analysts, including prominent individuals such as former U.S. President Carter, to see a new Israeli apartheid, and believe that we are witnessing the repetition of South African model of segregation in Israel.
Logic appropriations also includes control logic according to which central and visible locations occupation to build a security wall were checkpoints IDF. But there was a change in the paradigm of domination in the occupied territories. The system of domination that emerged after the Six Day War was dependent on the Israeli presence in the occupied territories and therefore the direct governance of the occupied population. The new paradigm of domination, which is now in force trying to control the Palestinians out of their lush, walled space selective opening and closing of various barriers and by reference to the possibility of attack Israel Air Force.
Foto(bollyn.com)
Within the encircled area also has been a new form of segregation, Weizman called to vertical separation. Magic formula of political geography of the occupied territories is the conversion of three spatial dimensions, six, three Israeli and three Palestinian. Israel building new settlements on the hills, while the old Palestinian village located in the lowlands. Israelis traveling the roads on which Palestinians are forbidden access. If the road alignment finds the Palestinian village roads or roads built an overpass or tunnel digging. Israel on a daily basis from the settlement deep in the occupied territories is going to work in Tel Aviv, the highway will not likely see any of the Palestinian village or Palestinians. Palestinians also spatially controlled only part of the area of the West Bank. Israelis have full control over the airspace and underground where there are valuable resources, especially water, which I will say more in one of the following articles.
Run to the hills
According to Weizman Israeli government actually bypassed laws and treaties to gain territory. Here are the major benefits settlers, many highly ideological and religious motivation to actually help the country in a sophisticated method of piracy. Celebrated israeli general and former prime minister Ariel Sharon in 1998. as the minister urged settlers words "go, run and grab as many peaks you can ... because everything we take now will stay ours. All that remains not grab them."
Most striking example of such piracy in his book gives Weizman is the case settlement Migron. 1999th Israeli settlers reported the Israeli government to accept a bad cell phone signal on the part of the highway between Jerusalem and the northern West Bank, and have suggested that on a hill near the highway works set antenna. On the same hill as the settlers had previously tried to establish illegal settlement, claiming that there are remnants of Old Testament Migron as archaeological research disproved. IDF them to prevent settling, because the hill was privately owned by two Palestinians from the villages nearby. But after reports of a weak signal, the army declared the construction of antennas based on the security issue which is seized land owners and gave permission telecommunications company Orange to put an antenna on the hill.
Foto(israelpalestine.blog.lemonde.fr): Migron
Soon after the order IDF to mount to electricity and water. Due to the slow pace of works on the antenna, in May 2001. settlers have distanced themselves top of the hill and built a fake antenna. Hired as guards who stayed on the hill in a small caravan that would have kept a fake antenna. She moved to him and his family, and then five more families in homes. How to increase the number of children, the Israeli government authorities there raised the box in which they placed the nursery, and soon began plans to build a synagogue. Thus, the village rises Migron which until 2006. 60 meter home and container's which lived 42 families numbering 150 people.
But the Israeli occupation of Palestinian architecture have created their own architecture and resistance. The most affected is the Gaza Strip, where under Israeli checkpoints and security walls Palestinians dig tunnels. The most important are those related to Egypt through which Gazans under blockade supplies the essentials, food, technology, and weapons which militants fighting against the occupation. Security walls and checkpoints rockets fly over domestic production made by militants to reach the cities of Israel and take lives. With the latest enhancement missile attacks, Israeli forces on Sunday 27th March near the town of Beersheba in the function of experimentally released Metal Dome missile system that Israel is developing for several years, and which in future will put an end to attacks. Metal Dome is also a new instrument of the peace process joins a large orchestra longest conflict in the Middle East.
Photo (hostednews) metal dome
Holy city echoes the new explosions
In the Middle East again inflames longest conflict. After our eyes were directed toward Tunisia, Egypt, and remain focused towards Libya, more and more indications that we will soon be back and pry towards Israel and Palestine. United States of America that have subsided Israeli reaction to the revolution that shake the Middle East, especially the one in Egypt, the conflict escalated almost sent the Secretary of Defense Robert Gates to Israel and Palestine to mediate between Netanyahu and Palestinian Prime Minister Fayyad. Its mission is to restart the peace process is disturbed that may have just entered a critical phase. For Israel, a big problem but also an attempt to attack Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas to reconcile the Palestinian Authority with Hamas. Word of the Palestinian faction that does not recognize Israel's right to exist, and that Israel, the United States and European Union consider a terrorist organization.
Netanyahu On Monday, 28 March, resolutely said that the reconciliation of the Palestinian Authority with Hamas off peace with Israel, and that the Palestinian Authority should choose peace with Israel. Peace talks between Israelis and Palestinians are still stalled in September 2010. when the Israeli government abolished its own decision on the temporary cessation of construction of new settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories. With the above mentioned bombing in Jerusalem, Israel has recently experienced another shock. 11th at the settlement of Itamar in the West Bank slaughtered five members of the Israeli families Fogel, among them three children. An investigation has been shrouded in secrecy, and those responsible for the massacre have not been found. In response, Israeli authorities have approved construction of 500 new housing units in the occupied West Bank. IDF is also March 21 launched a series of powerful attacks on specific targets within the Gaza Strip in response to the reinforcement of homemade rockets attacks on Izrealska settlement.
In the Gaza Strip in separate Israeli operations of 17 March to 23 March 28 Palestinians were injured, and killed six Palestinian civilians including four children. In one attack Israeli tank shells killed four members of the same family while playing football in front of the house in which the shell hit. It is the largest escalation of violence in the area since the war in Gaza in January 2009.
Occupation
Here I want to stand with exposure to recent events and are paid to the root of the problem, and it is the occupation of Palestinian territories by Israel. In a series of articles I intend to show the everyday life of the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories, especially the development of policy and architecture of occupation after the famous Oslo I agreement in 1993. and Oslo II in 1995. I will also show the efforts of Palestinians to resist the occupation, which often includes an escalation of violence. It is important to note that the escalation of violence can be understood as a kind of permanent present symptom of systemic violence that stems from the logic of occupation, this thesis will present more in one of the subsequent articles. But back to the beginning of the occupation.
The Palestinian territories are under occupation for almost 44 years, the Six-Day War fateful 1967th year that forever changed the balance of power in the Middle East. After the victory over the Arab countries led by Egypt in June 1967th Israel is under control was three times more territory than the one which started the war. Part of that time occupied territories, 5 655 km2 of the West Bank and 365 km2 of the Gaza Strip and are now part of the occupied Palestinian territories. Occupation of the West Bank Israeli forces have cleared the Jordan valley and the Latrun enclave, and from the occupied territories to Jordan to avoid approximately 300 000 Palestinians who have returned only about 17 000.
In addition to the war on the ground practically erased green line, the boundary of the War of Independence led 1948th, Israel is the limit also deleted from the atlases and textbooks, trying to time it is deleted from the collective memory of its citizens. Later, the West Bank and occupied territories have disappeared from the document, commands and languages. The new Israeli geography of the western coast suffered their Biblical names, Judea and Samaria. But apart from a small area around Jerusalem, Israel never annexed the area and under international law their status is still the status of the occupied territories. In them, the Israeli army took over all the power, and the IDF's commanders since the beginning of the occupation of more than 2500 issued orders regulating them almost every aspect of Palestinian life.
After Oslo
The UN Security Council and in 1967. issued resolution 242 which was launched in the peace process on the principle of land for peace. Upon entry into force of the Oslo II agreement. between Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization 28.09.1995. that was supposed to be the first and visible step toward creation of a Palestinian state and the achievement of land for peace, there was a division of the West Bank into three zones. Zone A, which is supposed to do 18% of West Bank territory under full Palestinian control of national governments. Zone B, which would consist of 22% of the territory of the West Bank, where Palestinian Authority had under his civil administration and the Israelis worried about the security zone, and C made up 60% of the territory under the complete control of Israel.
The project soon came to the murder of Rabin in the Israeli survey Labour Party and the change of government in Israel, on whose forehead began (a hawk) Likud with Benjamin Netanyahu. Another attempt at division and conflict resolution occurred through President Clinton in 2000. at Camp David between Israeli survey of the then Minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian leader Arafat Yassrea, but he failed. Palestinians and Israelis have accused each other for the collapse of the negotiations, which resulted in the realization of Palestine as independent states became increasingly unreal. While high politics is still on the maps drew an imaginary future border between the two countries the situation that has developed in the occupied territories themselves was completely different.
Security fence
Israeli political theorist and architect Eyal Weizman in his book Hollow Land: Israel's architecture of occupation, shows that the boundaries of the occupied territories are not fixed but rather flexible. Israel, contrary to international law, just completed construction of the so-called. security fence, which in some sections magically transforms into the wall as high as eight feet in height, that divided the West Bank from Israel. But in spite of the fact within the area of the West Bank by Weizman find a multitude of temporary, portable, deployable and removable boundaries. They are present in the form of barriers, barricades, checkpoints, special security zones, closed military zone and zone set up by the IDF killing. But with all these terminology ambiguities one thing is clear, both in Israel and the West Bank border separating the streets and houses, and in extreme cases, even passing through the living or bedroom Palestinians.
The strategy of Israel after Oslo II. was to gain territory without people, and the dismemberment of Western banks and the creation of an archipelago consisting of two hundred enclave over which there is limited Palestinian autonomy of national governments. This process is further enhanced by the logic of separating where some analysts, including prominent individuals such as former U.S. President Carter, to see a new Israeli apartheid, and believe that we are witnessing the repetition of South African model of segregation in Israel.
Logic appropriations also includes control logic according to which central and visible locations occupation to build a security wall were checkpoints IDF. But there was a change in the paradigm of domination in the occupied territories. The system of domination that emerged after the Six Day War was dependent on the Israeli presence in the occupied territories and therefore the direct governance of the occupied population. The new paradigm of domination, which is now in force trying to control the Palestinians out of their lush, walled space selective opening and closing of various barriers and by reference to the possibility of attack Israel Air Force.
Within the encircled area also has been a new form of segregation, Weizman called to vertical separation. Magic formula of political geography of the occupied territories is the conversion of three spatial dimensions, six, three Israeli and three Palestinian. Israel building new settlements on the hills, while the old Palestinian village located in the lowlands. Israelis traveling the roads on which Palestinians are forbidden access. If the road alignment finds the Palestinian village roads or roads built an overpass or tunnel digging. Israel on a daily basis from the settlement deep in the occupied territories is going to work in Tel Aviv, the highway will not likely see any of the Palestinian village or Palestinians. Palestinians also spatially controlled only part of the area of the West Bank. Israelis have full control over the airspace and underground where there are valuable resources, especially water, which I will say more in one of the following articles.
Run to the hills
According to Weizman Israeli government actually bypassed laws and treaties to gain territory. Here are the major benefits settlers, many highly ideological and religious motivation to actually help the country in a sophisticated method of piracy. Celebrated israeli general and former prime minister Ariel Sharon in 1998. as the minister urged settlers words "go, run and grab as many peaks you can ... because everything we take now will stay ours. All that remains not grab them."
Most striking example of such piracy in his book gives Weizman is the case settlement Migron. 1999th Israeli settlers reported the Israeli government to accept a bad cell phone signal on the part of the highway between Jerusalem and the northern West Bank, and have suggested that on a hill near the highway works set antenna. On the same hill as the settlers had previously tried to establish illegal settlement, claiming that there are remnants of Old Testament Migron as archaeological research disproved. IDF them to prevent settling, because the hill was privately owned by two Palestinians from the villages nearby. But after reports of a weak signal, the army declared the construction of antennas based on the security issue which is seized land owners and gave permission telecommunications company Orange to put an antenna on the hill.
Soon after the order IDF to mount to electricity and water. Due to the slow pace of works on the antenna, in May 2001. settlers have distanced themselves top of the hill and built a fake antenna. Hired as guards who stayed on the hill in a small caravan that would have kept a fake antenna. She moved to him and his family, and then five more families in homes. How to increase the number of children, the Israeli government authorities there raised the box in which they placed the nursery, and soon began plans to build a synagogue. Thus, the village rises Migron which until 2006. 60 meter home and container's which lived 42 families numbering 150 people.
But the Israeli occupation of Palestinian architecture have created their own architecture and resistance. The most affected is the Gaza Strip, where under Israeli checkpoints and security walls Palestinians dig tunnels. The most important are those related to Egypt through which Gazans under blockade supplies the essentials, food, technology, and weapons which militants fighting against the occupation. Security walls and checkpoints rockets fly over domestic production made by militants to reach the cities of Israel and take lives. With the latest enhancement missile attacks, Israeli forces on Sunday 27th March near the town of Beersheba in the function of experimentally released Metal Dome missile system that Israel is developing for several years, and which in future will put an end to attacks. Metal Dome is also a new instrument of the peace process joins a large orchestra longest conflict in the Middle East.
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